WordPress
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About wordpress
WordPress is an open-source content management system written in PHP and paired with a MySQL or MariaDB database. Originally launched as a blogging platform in 2003, it now powers roughly two-fifths of all websites on the internet, from personal blogs to large corporate sites, online stores, membership platforms, and news publications. The work involves building, customising, maintaining, and troubleshooting WordPress installations, which can mean anything from adjusting an existing theme to developing custom plugins, migrating content between hosts, optimising site speed, or hardening security.
What separates competent WordPress work from poor execution is understanding the platform's architecture and conventions rather than fighting them. WordPress has its own template hierarchy, hook system (actions and filters), database schema, and coding standards. Good practitioners write code that survives core updates, follows WordPress conventions like proper enqueueing of scripts and styles, sanitises and validates user input, and avoids direct database queries when the built-in APIs suffice. They know when a requirement calls for a custom plugin versus a child theme modification, and they understand how caching layers, CDNs, and hosting environments interact with WordPress-specific features like the Rewrite API or the REST API introduced in version 4.7.
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WordPress — questions and answers
- What's the difference between a theme and a plugin, and when should each be used?
- A theme controls presentation and layout; a plugin adds or modifies functionality. If you remove a theme, content remains but styling disappears. If you remove a plugin, the features it provided stop working. Use a theme for visual design and templates, a plugin for features like contact forms, SEO tools, or custom post types. Functionality that should persist across theme changes belongs in a plugin.
- How do WordPress hooks work, and why are they important?
- Hooks let you insert custom code at specific points without modifying core files. Actions let you run code at defined moments (like 'wp_head' or 'save_post'), while filters let you modify data before it's used or displayed. This system keeps customisations separate from core code, so updates don't overwrite your changes. Nearly every aspect of WordPress can be extended or altered through hooks.
- What causes a WordPress site to slow down, and what typically fixes it?
- Common culprits include unoptimised images, excessive plugins (especially poorly coded ones making redundant database queries), lack of caching, cheap shared hosting with limited resources, and bloated themes loading unnecessary scripts. Fixes involve image compression, object or page caching, a content delivery network, database optimisation, disabling unused plugin features, and sometimes migrating to better hosting. Profiling tools like Query Monitor identify specific bottlenecks.
- Can you run multiple WordPress sites from a single installation?
- Yes, through WordPress Multisite, which creates a network of sites sharing one codebase and database but with separate content tables. Each site can have its own domain, theme, and plugins (though the network administrator controls which plugins are available). It's useful for universities, franchises, or agencies managing many similar sites, but adds complexity to backups, updates, and plugin compatibility.
- What's the WordPress REST API used for?
- The REST API exposes WordPress data as JSON over HTTP, letting external applications or JavaScript frameworks interact with content without traditional PHP templates. It's used for headless WordPress setups (where React or Vue handles the frontend), mobile apps that pull from WordPress, integrations with third-party services, and modern block editor functionality. Endpoints follow patterns like /wp-json/wp/v2/posts for retrieving posts.
- Why do some plugins conflict with each other, and how is that resolved?
- Conflicts happen when plugins hook into the same actions with incompatible logic, load clashing JavaScript libraries, modify the same database tables, or both try to control the same output. Symptoms include white screens, broken layouts, or features stopping work. Resolution involves deactivating plugins one by one to identify the culprit, checking error logs, contacting developers, or sometimes writing custom code to load resources conditionally or adjust hook priorities.
